GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL PERFORMANCE OF THE AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO (ARMM), PHILIPPINES: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF ITS PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY FROM THE YEAR 1991 TO 2015.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69745/ijsspp.v3i3.161Keywords:
Governance , Performance Management, Institutional Theory, ARMM, Service DeliveryAbstract
This aims to evaluate the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao's (ARMM) performance in fulfilling its mandated functions, specifically in addressing the difficulties and problems that the region faced from 1991 to 2015, including poverty, political instability, a lack of peace and order, and inadequate provision of basic social services. Utilizing secondary data and a qualitative research methodology, the study assessed the ARMM's performance and responses to regional challenges. Additionally, it seeks to examine the actions of the ARMM since it was given the authority to rule the Muslim community in the Southern part of the Philippines. The findings suggest that hunger and poverty remain significant issues in the region. The former ARMM has consistently ranked lowest in terms of the availability of fundamental social services, although other parts of the Philippines continue to experience economic growth. The ARMM government's successful programs and interventions did not address the most critical issue facing the community: access to high-quality education. These findings suggest that even in fundamental areas, such as the rigorous execution of programs aimed at reducing poverty and the delivery of social services like access to clean water, sanitary facilities, and medical care, the ARMM as a whole was unable to fulfill its mandated duties. Additionally, a significant issue is the community's widespread culture of silence, even though crime remains prevalent in the area.
References
Amenta, E., & Ramsey, K. M. (2010). Institutional theory. In Handbook of politics: State and society in global perspective (pp. 15–39). New York, NY: Springer New York.
Andrews, A. O., Powell, W. W., & DiMaggio, P. J. (1993). The new Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38(4), 691. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393344
Asian Development Bank, & Fane, P. (2013). Results-Based Management Framework in the Philippines: A Guidebook (C. Buentjen, T. Niazi, & R. Bolt, Eds.) [Guidebook]. Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/148792/results-based-management-framework.pdf
Atkinson, A. A., & McCrindell, J. Q. (1997). Strategic performance measurement in government. CMA Magazine, 71(3), 20–22.
BARMM Official Website. (2025, June 10). Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao - BARMM Official website. BARMM Official Website - Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. https://bangsamoro.gov.ph/
Bititci, U. S., Carrie, A., & McDevitt, L. (1997). Integrated performance measurement systems: A development guide. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 17(5), 522–534. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579710167230.
Brillantes Jr., A. B. (2001). Developing Indicators of Local Governance in the Philippines: Towards an ISO for LGUs.
Broadbent, J. (1992). The values of accounting and education: some implications of the creation of visibilities and invisibilities in schools. University of Sheffield, Management School.
Burns, J. P., & Zhiren, Z. (2010). Performance management in the government of the People's Republic of China: Accountability and control in the implementation of public policy. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 10(2), 7.
Eigema, J. Begin source. 07. Service Delivery, a Challenge for Local Governments. VNG International.
Esden, Bootes (Begin source. 01). Performance Measurement in Public Sector Organizations: Focus on Local Governments. Philippine Journal of Public Administration 45 (1 & 2), 97 – 125.
Frederickson, H. G., Smith, K. B., Larimer, C. W., & Licari, M. J. (2018). The Public Administration Theory primer. In Routledge eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429494369
Frederickson, H. G., Smith, K. B., Larimer, C., & Licari, M. J. (2018). The Public Administration Theory Primer. Routledge.
Geronimo, J. Y. (2014, September 18). Less than half of the target children get the measles vaccine. RAPPLER. https://www.rappler.com/philippines/69480-doh-misses-target-measles-vaccination-september/
Gordon, D. (2005, December). Indicators of poverty & hunger. In Expert Group meeting on youth development indicators (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 12–14).
Guthrie, J., English, L. (1997). Performance information and programme evaluation in the Australian public sector. International Journal of Public Sector Management 10 (3), 154–164.
IPPA - the new Institutionalism Approaches. (n.d.). https://www.ippapublicpolicy.org/teaching-ressource/the-new-institutionalism-approaches-prof-guy-peters/5
Ishikawa, S. (2024). COVID-19 AND BARMM. Akiko Fukushima, Senior Fellow, 183.
Journalism, J. F. J. P. C. F. I. (1970, January 1). Ghost' teachers, phantom schools haunt education reforms in ARMM | GMA News Online https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/specialreports/95470/ghost-teachers-phantom-schools-haunt-education-reforms-in-armm/story/
KLOOT L., MARTIN J. (2000). “Strategic Performance Management: A Balanced Approach to Performance Management Issues in Local Government”, Management Accounting Research, 11 (2), 231–251.
Lebas, M. J. (1995). Performance measurement and performance management. International journal of production economics, 41(1-3), 23-35.
Lee, S. (n.d.). Understanding institutionalism in Law. https://www.numberanalytics.com/blog/understanding-institutionalism-in-law
Macasalong, M. S. (2014). The Liberation Movements in Mindanao: Islām as a thrusting force. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19(4), 01–18. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-19450118
Martin, J., & Spano, A. (2015). From performance management to strategic local government leadership: Lessons from different cultural settings. Public Money and Management, 35(4), 303–310.
National Performance Management Advisory Commission. (2010). A performance management framework for state and local government: From measurement and reporting to management and improvement. Chicago: Author.
Peters, G. B. (1999). Institutional theory in political science. Continuum.
Peters, B. G. (2000). Institutional theory: Problems and prospects.
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2015). 2015 Philippine statistical yearbook [PDF]. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2015%20PSY.pdf
Philippines. (1992). Local government code of 1991 : Republic Act no. 7160. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA47373286
Pretorius, D., & Schurink, W. (2007). Enhancing service delivery in local government: the case of a district municipality. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 7(1), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v5i3.148
R.A. 6734. (n.d.). https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1989/ra_6734_1989.html
Republic Act No. 9054. (n.d.). https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2001/ra_9054_2001.html
Sinclair, A. (1995). The chameleon of accountability: Forms and discourses, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 20 (2/3), 219–237.
STATEMENT OF COMMITMENT FOR ACTION TO ERADICATE POVERTY ADOPTED BY ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE ON COORDINATION | Meetings coverage and press releases. (1998, May 20). https://press.un.org/en/1998/19980520.eco5759.html
Tanggol, S. D. (1993). Muslim autonomy in the Philippines: Rhetoric and reality. (No Title).
Tanggol, S. D. (2008). Is There a Philippine Public? Philippine Journal of Public Administration, 52(2-4), 333.
Tawagon, M. R. (1990). The Pengampong: Multiple Sultanates of Lanao. University Research Center, Mindanao State University.
Times, M. (2014, January 25). The ARMM is the most peaceful region in the Philippines, according to the PNP. The Manila Times. https://www.manilatimes.net/2014/01/25/news/regions/armm-is-most-peaceful-philippine-region-pnp/70675
Umbao, E. (2013, April 23). NSCB reports: 27.9% of Filipinos live below the poverty line. PhilNews. https://philnews.ph/2013/04/23/nscb-reports-27-9-of-filipinos-live-below-poverty-line/
.